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//! Vector math module. Includes vector structs and functions.
/// A 2-dimensional vector with `x` and `y` components.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)] #[repr(C)]
pub struct Vector2 {
pub x: f32,
pub y: f32,
}
/// A 3-dimensional vector with `x`, `y` and `z` components.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)] #[repr(C)]
pub struct Vector3 {
pub x: f32,
pub y: f32,
pub z: f32,
}
/// A 4-dimensional vector with `x`, `y`, `z` and `w` components.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)] #[repr(C)]
pub struct Vector4 {
pub x: f32,
pub y: f32,
pub z: f32,
pub w: f32,
}
/// A 4-dimensional vector with `x`, `y`, `z` and `w` components, all of which are `i32`.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)] #[repr(C)]
pub struct IVector4 {
pub x: i32,
pub y: i32,
pub z: i32,
pub w: i32
}
/// Allows indexing into a `Vector2` by `usize` index.
impl std::ops::Index<usize> for Vector2 {
type Output = f32;
/// Returns a reference to the `f32` value at the given index.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `index` - The index of the value to retrieve. Must be `0` or `1`.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// A reference to the `f32` value at the given index.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the index is not `0` or `1`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector2;
/// let vec = Vector2::new(1.0, 2.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec[0], 1.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec[1], 2.0);
/// ```
fn index(&self, index: usize) -> &f32 {
match index {
0 => &self.x,
1 => &self.y,
_ => panic!("Index out of bounds for Vector2"),
}
}
}
/// Allows mutable indexing into a `Vector2` by `usize` index.
impl std::ops::IndexMut<usize> for Vector2 {
/// Returns a mutable reference to the `f32` value at the given index.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `index` - The index of the value to retrieve. Must be `0` or `1`.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// A mutable reference to the `f32` value at the given index.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the index is not `0` or `1`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector2;
/// let mut vec = Vector2::new(1.0, 2.0);
/// vec[0] = 3.0;
/// assert_eq!(vec.x, 3.0);
/// ```
fn index_mut(&mut self, index: usize) -> &mut f32 {
match index {
0 => &mut self.x,
1 => &mut self.y,
_ => panic!("Index out of bounds for Vector2"),
}
}
}
impl std::fmt::Display for Vector2 {
/// Formats the vector as a string.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `f` - The formatter to use.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// A string representation of the vector.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector2;
/// let vec = Vector2::new(1.0, 2.0);
/// ```
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
write!(f, "Vector2({}, {})", self.x, self.y)
}
}
crate::macros::impl_vector_binary_ops!(Vector2, 2);
impl Vector2 {
/// Creates a new `Vector2` with the given `x` and `y` components.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `x` - The `x` component of the vector.
/// * `y` - The `y` component of the vector.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// A new `Vector2` with the given `x` and `y` components.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector2;
///
/// let vec = Vector2::new(1.0, 2.0);
/// ```
pub fn new(x: f32, y: f32) -> Vector2 {
Vector2 { x: x, y: y }
}
/// Creates a new `Vector2` with `x` and `y` components set to `0.0`.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// A new `Vector2` with `x` and `y` components set to `0.0`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector2;
///
/// let vec = Vector2::zero();
/// ```
pub fn zero() -> Vector2 {
Vector2 { x: (0.0), y: (0.0) }
}
/// Creates a new `Vector2` with `x` and `y` components set to `1.0`.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// A new `Vector2` with `x` and `y` components set to `1.0`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector2;
///
/// let vec = Vector2::one();
/// ```
pub fn one() -> Vector2 {
Vector2 { x: (1.0), y: (1.0) }
}
/// Calculates the dot product of this vector and another vector.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `other` - The other vector to calculate the dot product with.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// The dot product of this vector and the other vector.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector2;
///
/// let vec1 = Vector2::new(1.0, 2.0);
/// let vec2 = Vector2::new(3.0, 4.0);
/// let dot_product = vec1.dot(&vec2);
/// ```
pub fn dot(&self, other: &Vector2) -> f32 {
self.x * other.x + self.y * other.y
}
/// Calculates the cross product of this vector and another vector.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `other` - The other vector to calculate the cross product with.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// The cross product of this vector and the other vector.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector2;
///
/// let vec1 = Vector2::new(1.0, 2.0);
/// let vec2 = Vector2::new(3.0, 4.0);
/// let cross_product = vec1.cross(&vec2);
/// ```
pub fn cross(&self, other: &Vector2) -> f32 {
self.x * other.y - self.y * other.x
}
/// Calculates the length of this vector.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// The length of this vector.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector2;
///
/// let vec = Vector2::new(3.0, 4.0);
/// let length = vec.length();
/// ```
pub fn length(&self) -> f32 {
(self.x * self.x + self.y * self.y).sqrt()
}
/// Rotates this vector about the origin by the given angle (in radians).
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `angle` - The angle (in radians) to rotate this vector by.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// A new `Vector2` representing the result of rotating this vector about the origin by the given angle.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector2;
///
/// let vec = Vector2::new(1.0, 0.0);
/// let rotated_vec = vec.rotate_about_origin(std::f32::consts::PI / 2.0);
/// ```
pub fn rotate_about_origin(&self, angle: f32) -> Vector2 {
let cos = angle.cos();
let sin = angle.sin();
Vector2::new(self.x * cos - self.y * sin, self.x * sin + self.y * cos)
}
/// Creates a new `Vector2` from the given angle (in radians).
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `angle` - The angle (in radians) to create the vector from.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// A new `Vector2` representing the given angle.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector2;
///
/// let vec = Vector2::from_angle(std::f32::consts::PI / 4.0);
/// ```
pub fn from_angle(angle: f32) -> Vector2 {
Vector2::new(angle.cos(), angle.sin())
}
/// Calculates the angle (in radians) between this vector and the positive x-axis.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// The angle (in radians) between this vector and the positive x-axis.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector2;
///
/// let vec = Vector2::new(1.0, 1.0);
/// let angle = vec.angle();
/// ```
pub fn angle(&self) -> f32 {
self.y.atan2(self.x)
}
/// Calculates the angle (in radians) between this vector and another vector.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `other` - The other vector to calculate the angle between.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// The angle (in radians) between this vector and the other vector.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector2;
///
/// let vec1 = Vector2::new(1.0, 0.0);
/// let vec2 = Vector2::new(0.0, 1.0);
/// let angle = vec1.angle_between(&vec2);
/// ```
pub fn angle_between(&self, other: &Vector2) -> f32 {
let dot = self.dot(other);
let det = self.x * other.y - self.y * other.x;
det.atan2(dot)
}
/// Normalizes this vector in place.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector2;
///
/// let mut vec = Vector2::new(3.0, 4.0);
/// vec.normalize();
/// ```
///
/// # See also
///
/// * [`normalized`](#method.normalized)
pub fn normalize(&mut self) {
let length = self.length();
self.x /= length;
self.y /= length;
}
/// Returns a new normalized `Vector2` representing this vector.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// A new `Vector2` representing this vector, normalized.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector2;
///
/// let vec = Vector2::new(3.0, 4.0);
/// let normalized_vec = vec.normalized();
/// ```
///
/// # See also
///
/// * [`normalize`](#method.normalize)
pub fn normalized(&self) -> Vector2 {
let length = self.length();
Vector2::new(self.x / length, self.y / length)
}
/// Returns a new `Vector2` that is perpendicular to this vector.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// A new `Vector2` that is perpendicular to this vector.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector2;
///
/// let vec = Vector2::new(1.0, 2.0);
/// let perp_vec = vec.perpendicular();
/// ```
///
/// # See also
///
/// * [`dot`](#method.dot)
/// * [`angle_between`](#method.angle_between)
pub fn perpendicular(&self) -> Vector2 {
Vector2::new(-self.y, self.x)
}
/// Returns the reflection of this vector off a surface with the given normal.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `normal` - The normal of the surface being reflected off of.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// The reflection of this vector off the surface with the given normal.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector2;
///
/// let vec = Vector2::new(1.0, 2.0);
/// let normal = Vector2::new(0.0, 1.0);
/// let reflected_vec = vec.reflect(&normal);
/// ```
pub fn reflect(&self, normal: &Vector2) -> Vector2 {
let dot = self.dot(normal);
Vector2::new(self.x - 2.0 * dot * normal.x, self.y - 2.0 * dot * normal.y)
}
}
/// Allows indexing into a `Vector2`.
impl std::ops::Index<usize> for Vector3 {
type Output = f32;
/// Returns a reference to the element at the given index.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `index` - The index of the element to return.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the index is out of bounds for a `Vector3`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector3;
///
/// let vec = Vector3::new(1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec[0], 1.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec[1], 2.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec[2], 3.0);
/// ```
fn index(&self, index: usize) -> &f32 {
match index {
0 => &self.x,
1 => &self.y,
2 => &self.z,
_ => panic!("Index out of bounds for Vector3"),
}
}
}
/// Allows indexing into a `Vector3` mutably.
impl std::ops::IndexMut<usize> for Vector3 {
/// Allows mutable indexing into a `Vector3`.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `index` - The index of the element to return.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the index is out of bounds for a `Vector3`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector3;
///
/// let mut vec = Vector3::new(1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
/// vec[0] = 4.0;
/// vec[1] = 5.0;
/// vec[2] = 6.0;
/// ```
fn index_mut(&mut self, index: usize) -> &mut f32 {
match index {
0 => &mut self.x,
1 => &mut self.y,
2 => &mut self.z,
_ => panic!("Index out of bounds for Vector3"),
}
}
}
crate::macros::impl_vector_binary_ops!(Vector3, 3);
impl Vector3 {
/// Creates a new `Vector3` with the given `x`, `y`, and `z` components.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `x` - The `x` component of the new vector.
/// * `y` - The `y` component of the new vector.
/// * `z` - The `z` component of the new vector.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// A new `Vector3` with the given `x`, `y`, and `z` components.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector3;
///
/// let vec = Vector3::new(1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
/// ```
pub fn new(x: f32, y: f32, z: f32) -> Vector3 {
Vector3 { x, y, z }
}
/// Creates a new `Vector3` from a `Vector2` and a `z` component.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `vec` - The `Vector2` to use for the `x` and `y` components of the new vector.
/// * `z` - The `z` component of the new vector.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// A new `Vector3` with the `x` and `y` components taken from `vec` and the `z` component set to `z`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::{Vector2, Vector3};
///
/// let vec2 = Vector2::new(1.0, 2.0);
/// let vec3 = Vector3::from_vec2(vec2, 3.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec3.x, 1.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec3.y, 2.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec3.z, 3.0);
/// ```
pub fn from_vec2(vec: Vector2, z: f32) -> Vector3 {
Vector3::new(vec.x, vec.y, z)
}
/// Returns a new `Vector3` with all components set to zero.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// A new `Vector3` with all components set to zero.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector3;
///
/// let vec = Vector3::zero();
/// assert_eq!(vec.x, 0.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec.y, 0.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec.z, 0.0);
/// ```
pub fn zero() -> Vector3 {
Vector3::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
}
/// Returns a new `Vector3` with all components set to one.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// A new `Vector3` with all components set to one.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector3;
///
/// let vec = Vector3::one();
/// assert_eq!(vec.x, 1.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec.y, 1.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec.z, 1.0);
/// ```
pub fn one() -> Vector3 {
Vector3::new(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
}
/// Computes the dot product of two `Vector3`s.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `other` - The other `Vector3` to compute the dot product with.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// The dot product of the two `Vector3`s.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector3;
///
/// let vec1 = Vector3::new(1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
/// let vec2 = Vector3::new(4.0, 5.0, 6.0);
/// let dot_product = vec1.dot(vec2);
/// assert_eq!(dot_product, 32.0);
/// ```
pub fn dot(&self, other: Vector3) -> f32 {
self.x * other.x + self.y * other.y + self.z * other.z
}
/// Computes the cross product of two `Vector3`s.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `other` - The other `Vector3` to compute the cross product with.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// The cross product of the two `Vector3`s.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector3;
///
/// let vec1 = Vector3::new(1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
/// let vec2 = Vector3::new(4.0, 5.0, 6.0);
/// let cross_product = vec1.cross(vec2);
/// assert_eq!(cross_product.x, -3.0);
/// assert_eq!(cross_product.y, 6.0);
/// assert_eq!(cross_product.z, -3.0);
/// ```
pub fn cross(&self, other: Vector3) -> Vector3 {
Vector3::new(
self.y * other.z - self.z * other.y,
-(self.x * other.z - self.z * other.x),
self.x * other.y - self.y * other.x,
)
}
// Computes the length of the `Vector3`.
//
// # Returns
//
// The length of the `Vector3`.
//
// # Examples
//
// ```
// use cgl_rs::math::Vector3;
//
// let vec = Vector3::new(1.0, 2.0, 2.0);
// let length = vec.length();
// assert_eq!(length, 3.0);
// ```
pub fn length(&self) -> f32 {
(self.x * self.x + self.y * self.y + self.z * self.z).sqrt()
}
/// Normalizes the `Vector3` in place.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector3;
///
/// let mut vec = Vector3::new(1.0, 2.0, 2.0);
/// vec.normalize();
/// assert_eq!(vec.length(), 1.0);
/// ```
pub fn normalize(&mut self) {
let length = self.length();
self.x /= length;
self.y /= length;
self.z /= length;
}
/// Returns a new `Vector3` that is the normalized version of this `Vector3`.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// A new `Vector3` that is the normalized version of this `Vector3`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector3;
///
/// let vec = Vector3::new(1.0, 2.0, 2.0);
/// let normalized_vec = vec.normalized();
/// assert_eq!(normalized_vec.length(), 1.0);
/// ```
pub fn normalized(&self) -> Vector3 {
let length = self.length();
Vector3::new(self.x / length, self.y / length, self.z / length)
}
/// Returns a new `Vector2` containing the `x` and `y` components of this `Vector3`.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// A new `Vector2` containing the `x` and `y` components of this `Vector3`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::{Vector2, Vector3};
///
/// let vec = Vector3::new(1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
/// let vec2 = vec.xy();
/// assert_eq!(vec2.x, 1.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec2.y, 2.0);
/// ```
pub fn xy(&self) -> Vector2 {
Vector2::new(self.x, self.y)
}
/// Returns a new `Vector2` containing the `x` and `z` components of this `Vector3`.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// A new `Vector2` containing the `x` and `z` components of this `Vector3`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::{Vector2, Vector3};
///
/// let vec = Vector3::new(1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
/// let vec2 = vec.xz();
/// assert_eq!(vec2.x, 1.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec2.y, 3.0);
/// ```
pub fn xz(&self) -> Vector2 {
Vector2::new(self.x, self.z)
}
/// Returns a new `Vector2` containing the `y` and `z` components of this `Vector3`.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// A new `Vector2` containing the `y` and `z` components of this `Vector3`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::{Vector2, Vector3};
///
/// let vec = Vector3::new(1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
/// let vec2 = vec.yz();
/// assert_eq!(vec2.x, 2.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec2.y, 3.0);
/// ```
pub fn yz(&self) -> Vector2 {
Vector2::new(self.y, self.z)
}
/// Returns the angle between this `Vector3` and another `Vector3`.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `other` - The other `Vector3` to calculate the angle with.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// The angle between this `Vector3` and `other` in radians.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector3;
///
/// let vec1 = Vector3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
/// let vec2 = Vector3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
/// let angle = vec1.angle_between(vec2);
/// assert_eq!(angle, std::f32::consts::FRAC_PI_2);
/// ```
pub fn angle_between(&self, other: Vector3) -> f32 {
let dot = self.dot(other);
let length = self.length() * other.length();
dot.acos() / length
}
/// Calculates the reflection of this `Vector3` off a surface with the given `normal`.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `normal` - The normal of the surface to reflect off of.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// The reflection of this `Vector3` off the surface with the given `normal`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector3;
///
/// let vec = Vector3::new(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);
/// let normal = Vector3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
/// let reflected = vec.reflect(normal);
/// assert_eq!(reflected, Vector3::new(1.0, -1.0, 0.0));
/// ```
pub fn reflect(&self, normal: Vector3) -> Vector3 {
*self - normal * 2.0 * self.dot(normal)
}
/// Rotates this `Vector3` about the given `axis` by the given `angle` in radians.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `axis` - The axis to rotate about.
/// * `angle` - The angle to rotate by in radians.
///
/// # Returns
///
/// The rotated `Vector3`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector3;
///
/// let vec = Vector3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
/// let axis = Vector3::new(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
/// let angle = std::f32::consts::FRAC_PI_2;
/// let rotated = vec.rotate_about_axis(axis, angle);
/// assert_eq!(rotated, Vector3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0));
/// ```
pub fn rotate_about_axis(&self, axis: Vector3, angle: f32) -> Vector3 {
let cos = angle.cos();
let sin = angle.sin();
let one_minus_cos = 1.0 - cos;
let mut x = self.x * (cos + axis.x * axis.x * one_minus_cos)
+ self.y * (axis.x * axis.y * one_minus_cos - axis.z * sin)
+ self.z * (axis.x * axis.z * one_minus_cos + axis.y * sin);
let mut y = self.x * (axis.y * axis.x * one_minus_cos + axis.z * sin)
+ self.y * (cos + axis.y * axis.y * one_minus_cos)
+ self.z * (axis.y * axis.z * one_minus_cos - axis.x * sin);
let mut z = self.x * (axis.z * axis.x * one_minus_cos - axis.y * sin)
+ self.y * (axis.z * axis.y * one_minus_cos + axis.x * sin)
+ self.z * (cos + axis.z * axis.z * one_minus_cos);
if x.abs() < 0.000001 {
x = 0.0;
}
if y.abs() < 0.000001 {
y = 0.0;
}
if z.abs() < 0.000001 {
z = 0.0;
}
Vector3::new(x, y, z)
}
}
impl std::ops::Index<usize> for Vector4 {
type Output = f32;
// Returns a reference to the element at the given `index` of this `Vector4`.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `index` - The index of the element to retrieve.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if `index` is greater than or equal to 4.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector4;
///
/// let vec = Vector4::new(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec[0], 1.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec[1], 2.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec[2], 3.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec[3], 4.0);
/// ```
fn index(&self, index: usize) -> &Self::Output {
match index {
0 => &self.x,
1 => &self.y,
2 => &self.z,
3 => &self.w,
_ => panic!("Index out of bounds for Vector4"),
}
}
}
impl std::ops::IndexMut<usize> for Vector4 {
/// Returns a mutable reference to the element at the given `index` of this `Vector4`.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `index` - The index of the element to retrieve.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if `index` is greater than or equal to 4.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector4;
///
/// let mut vec = Vector4::new(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0);
/// vec[0] = 5.0;
/// assert_eq!(vec[0], 5.0);
/// ```
fn index_mut(&mut self, index: usize) -> &mut Self::Output {
match index {
0 => &mut self.x,
1 => &mut self.y,
2 => &mut self.z,
3 => &mut self.w,
_ => panic!("Index out of bounds for Vector4"),
}
}
}
crate::macros::impl_vector_binary_ops!(Vector4, 4);
impl Vector4 {
/// Creates a new `Vector4` with the given `x`, `y`, `z`, and `w` components.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `x` - The `x` component of the new `Vector4`.
/// * `y` - The `y` component of the new `Vector4`.
/// * `z` - The `z` component of the new `Vector4`.
/// * `w` - The `w` component of the new `Vector4`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector4;
///
/// let vec = Vector4::new(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec.x, 1.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec.y, 2.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec.z, 3.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec.w, 4.0);
/// ```
pub fn new(x: f32, y: f32, z: f32, w: f32) -> Vector4 {
Vector4 { x, y, z, w }
}
/// Creates a new `Vector4` from a `Vector3` and a `w` component.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `vec` - The `Vector3` to use as the `x`, `y`, and `z` components of the new `Vector4`.
/// * `w` - The `w` component of the new `Vector4`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::{Vector3, Vector4};
///
/// let vec3 = Vector3::new(1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
/// let vec4 = Vector4::from_vec3(vec3, 4.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec4.x, 1.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec4.y, 2.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec4.z, 3.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec4.w, 4.0);
/// ```
pub fn from_vec3(vec: Vector3, w: f32) -> Vector4 {
Vector4::new(vec.x, vec.y, vec.z, w)
}
/// Creates a new `Vector4` from a `Vector2`, `z`, and `w` components.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `vec` - The `Vector2` to use as the `x` and `y` components of the new `Vector4`.
/// * `z` - The `z` component of the new `Vector4`.
/// * `w` - The `w` component of the new `Vector4`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::{Vector2, Vector4};
///
/// let vec2 = Vector2::new(1.0, 2.0);
/// let vec4 = Vector4::from_vec2(vec2, 3.0, 4.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec4.x, 1.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec4.y, 2.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec4.z, 3.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec4.w, 4.0);
/// ```
pub fn from_vec2(vec: Vector2, z: f32, w: f32) -> Vector4 {
Vector4::new(vec.x, vec.y, z, w)
}
/// Returns a new `Vector4` with all components set to `0.0`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector4;
///
/// let vec = Vector4::zero();
/// assert_eq!(vec.x, 0.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec.y, 0.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec.z, 0.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec.w, 0.0);
/// ```
pub fn zero() -> Vector4 {
Vector4::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
}
/// Returns a new `Vector4` with all components set to `1.0`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::Vector4;
///
/// let vec = Vector4::one();
/// assert_eq!(vec.x, 1.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec.y, 1.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec.z, 1.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec.w, 1.0);
/// ```
pub fn one() -> Vector4 {
Vector4::new(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
}
/// Extracts the `x`, `y`, and `z` components of the `Vector4` as a new `Vector3`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::{Vector3, Vector4};
///
/// let vec4 = Vector4::new(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0);
/// let vec3 = vec4.xyz();
/// assert_eq!(vec3.x, 1.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec3.y, 2.0);
/// assert_eq!(vec3.z, 3.0);
/// ```
pub fn xyz(&self) -> Vector3 {
Vector3::new(self.x, self.y, self.z)
}
}
impl std::ops::Index<usize> for IVector4 {
type Output = i32;
// Returns a reference to the element at the given `index` of this `Vector4`.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `index` - The index of the element to retrieve.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if `index` is greater than or equal to 4.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::IVector4;
///
/// let vec = IVector4::new(1, 2, 3, 4);
/// assert_eq!(vec[0], 1);
/// assert_eq!(vec[1], 2);
/// assert_eq!(vec[2], 3);
/// assert_eq!(vec[3], 4);
/// ```
fn index(&self, index: usize) -> &Self::Output {
match index {
0 => &self.x,
1 => &self.y,
2 => &self.z,
3 => &self.w,
_ => panic!("Index out of bounds for IVector4"),
}
}
}
impl std::ops::IndexMut<usize> for IVector4 {
/// Returns a mutable reference to the element at the given `index` of this `Vector4`.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `index` - The index of the element to retrieve.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if `index` is greater than or equal to 4.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::IVector4;
///
/// let mut vec = IVector4::new(1, 2, 3, 4);
/// vec[0] = 5;
/// assert_eq!(vec[0], 5);
/// ```
fn index_mut(&mut self, index: usize) -> &mut Self::Output {
match index {
0 => &mut self.x,
1 => &mut self.y,
2 => &mut self.z,
3 => &mut self.w,
_ => panic!("Index out of bounds for IVector4"),
}
}
}
impl IVector4 {
/// Creates a new `IVector4` with the given `x`, `y`, `z`, and `w` components.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `x` - The `x` component of the vector.
/// * `y` - The `y` component of the vector.
/// * `z` - The `z` component of the vector.
/// * `w` - The `w` component of the vector.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::IVector4;
///
/// let vec = IVector4::new(1, 2, 3, 4);
/// assert_eq!(vec.x, 1);
/// assert_eq!(vec.y, 2);
/// assert_eq!(vec.z, 3);
/// assert_eq!(vec.w, 4);
/// ```
pub fn new(x: i32, y: i32, z: i32, w: i32) -> IVector4 {
IVector4 { x, y, z, w }
}
/// Returns a new `IVector4` with all components set to 0.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use cgl_rs::math::IVector4;
///
/// let vec = IVector4::zero();
/// assert_eq!(vec.x, 0);
/// assert_eq!(vec.y, 0);
/// assert_eq!(vec.z, 0);
/// assert_eq!(vec.w, 0);
/// ```
pub fn zero() -> IVector4 {
IVector4::new(0, 0, 0, 0)
}
}